What is the main difference between a public and private blockchain?

A public blockchain is open to anyone, allowing all users to participate in transaction validation, ensuring high transparency and decentralization. In contrast, a private blockchain restricts access to authorized users, offering greater control, faster transactions, and enhanced security but with lower openness.

How much does developing a private blockchain for cryptocurrency cost?

The cost of developing a private blockchain ranges from tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars, depending on factors like network infrastructure, security features, consensus mechanisms, and integration with existing systems. Additional costs may include smart contract development, security audits, and regulatory compliance.

What are the key benefits of using a private blockchain for business?

A private blockchain provides businesses with: Enhanced data security: Only authorized users can access transactions. Improved efficiency: Faster transactions due to a controlled number of nodes. Cost optimization: Lower operational expenses compared to public blockchains. Regulatory compliance: Tailored governance structures to meet industry-specific regulations. Industries such as finance, healthcare, and supply chain management benefit significantly from private blockchain adoption.

How do you ensure security in a private blockchain network?

To secure a private blockchain, businesses should implement: Data encryption and access control: Restricting access to authorized users. Smart contract security audits: Regularly reviewing code for vulnerabilities. Secure consensus mechanisms: Using PoA, PBFT, or other reliable algorithms. Ongoing monitoring and compliance checks: Ensuring network integrity against cyber threats.

Month: March 2025

Blockchain

How to Create a Blockchain: Build Your Own Secure Network Today!

Post author By Alex Nguyen
Post date March 6, 2025
No Comments on How to Create a Blockchain: Build Your Own Secure Network Today!

Blockchain technology revolutionizes finance, healthcare, and supply chain management with transparency and security. However, if building an app seems complex, understanding how to create a blockchain requires even greater investment. You must allocate infrastructure, blockchain development tools, security, and expert consultation resources to ensure a stable and efficient system.

Every stage, including choosing a consensus algorithm, setting up the network, developing applications, testing, and deploying, comes with costs. So, how do we create a blockchain effectively while optimizing costs? Let’s explore!

1. What is blockchain? and how does it work?

Blockchain is a data storage technology that organizes data into encrypted and linked data structures on the chain. It guarantees proper transparency and security because of its decentralization (free of any authority’s control) and immutability (once it is recorded, data cannot be edited). This technology is most frequently used in finance, supply chain management, and smart contracts.

Blockchain ensures secure, transparent, and immutable data storage

There are two principal kinds of blockchains, namely public and private. Public blockchains (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum) are open to all but are decentralized, hence slower and resource-intensive systems to process transactions. On the other hand, private blockchains control access and are about a single entity or some privileged group so that they can deliver high performance and security, but, most importantly, they are not too decentralized.

Read more >>>> Top 100 Best Programming Language for Software Development

2. Private blockchain development: An overview

Blockchain transforms how businesses store and exchange data, but not all models fit every organization. This article will explain the concept of private blockchains, their functions, and why companies must consider adopting them.

Private blockchains offer controlled access, security, and efficiency

2.1. What is a private blockchain?

Understanding how to create a blockchain for private use starts with knowing its fundamentals. A private blockchain is a controlled system with restricted access, unlike public blockchains that allow anyone to participate in transaction validation.

Only authorized users can access the prevailing network, which is well-suited for enterprises and businesses with tailored needs. Private Blockchains are controlled by a central authority, offering security, efficiency, and better control. These are the main points to keep in mind while learning about how to create a private application blockchain:

Permissioned access: Only approved users can join and interact with the network.
Centralized control: A single entity or group oversees the network’s operations and governance.
Faster transactions: With fewer nodes (network participants), transaction validation is quicker than in public blockchains.

2.2. Why choose private blockchain?

Private blockchains enhance security, efficiency, and cost savings for businesses

Private blockchains provide numerous benefits for businesses, such as:

Enhanced security: Data is not publicly accessible; only authorized participants can view or modify it.
Flexible governance: Organizations can set and modify their own rules as needed.
Higher efficiency: Transactions are processed faster since they don’t require validation from thousands of nodes.
Cost savings: Private blockchains obviate the need for the entire infrastructure and operational costs. Fewer nodes are maintained on these private blockchain solutions.

These advantages make it suitable for organizations trying to protect data and enhance performance while keeping long-term costs low.

Read more >>>> How to Build an AI Model? A Step-by-Step Guide

3. How to create a private blockchain?

Inducing a private blockchain entails technical and strategic approaches to ensuring efficiency, security, and economy. The subsequent stages are pertinent to development.

Choosing the right consensus algorithm ensures secure and efficient private blockchains

Step 1: Choose the right consensus algorithm

The consensus mechanism determines how transactions are validated within a blockchain. Some popular algorithms for private blockchains include:

Proof of authority (PoA): Relies on authorized nodes for transaction validation, improving speed and reducing resource consumption.
Raft consensus: A simple, easy-to-implement algorithm, ideal for high-performance blockchains with fewer nodes.
Practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT): Ensures strong security and stability, allowing the system to function even if some nodes fail or act maliciously.

Selecting the right consensus algorithm directly impacts deployment costs. For example, PBFT requires higher computational resources than PoA or Raft, leading to increased infrastructure and operations.

Step 2: Set up the blockchain network

With the consensus algorithm chosen, we need to build the blockchain network next:

Configure nodes: The number of participants in nodes should be determined. Hence, roles are to be allocated.
Set up network infrastructure: A cloud deployment (AWS, Azure) or onsite servers would be chosen.
Initialize the ledger: Define data structures, transaction validation policies, and access controls.

The cost of setting up a blockchain network depends on the chosen infrastructure model. Cloud-based solutions require ongoing server rental fees, while on-premises deployment involves higher upfront costs for hardware and maintenance.

Thorough development and testing ensure a secure and efficient private blockchain

Step 3: Develop the blockchain application

A private blockchain isn’t just about setting up the network, it also requires applications to leverage its potential. Key components include:

Smart contracts: Coded in Solidity, Go, or Rust to automate transactions and enforce rules.
APIs and interfaces: Enable seamless interaction between applications and the blockchain.
Integration with existing systems: Ensure compatibility with enterprise software or decentralized applications (dApps).

Development costs vary based on application complexity, developer expertise, and technology stack. Depending on the project scale, hiring blockchain specialists can range from tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Step 4: Test and deploy the blockchain

Before the official launch, rigorous testing is essential to ensure security and performance. Key steps include:

Security testing: Identify and fix vulnerabilities to prevent cyberattacks.
Performance optimization: Evaluate transaction processing speed and fine-tune system efficiency.
Real-world deployment: Choose the right platform and monitor system performance after launch.

Testing costs may include security audit tools, expert testing services, and monitoring system maintenance. Some businesses may hire independent security firms for thorough audits, which can increase overall expenses.

By completing these steps, businesses can establish a secure and efficient private blockchain ready to support seamless and reliable transactions.

Read more >>> How does Unreal Engine work for creating games?

4. How to build a cryptocurrency on the blockchain

Building a cryptocurrency requires designing tokenomics, developing smart contracts

4.1. Step-by-step guide to creating a blockchain cryptocurrency

Understanding how to create a blockchain involves a formal process, especially when developing a cryptocurrency on a closed blockchain. This includes structuring everything from tokenomics design to deployment and seamless integration into the ecosystem. Key steps include:

The objective and tokenomics are defined: The operational model of the token must be planned about total supply, issuance mechanism, and governance mechanisms.
Choose a blockchain platform: For example, Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, and a built chain.
Smart contract development: This includes programming smart contracts for controlling issuance, transactions, and control of assets.
Deployment and testing: Testing for security and performance before going on with the deployment.
Integration into the ecosystem: The wallet, exchange, and other related applications must be adapted into the ecosystem.

4.2. Key considerations for cryptocurrency development

The cost of developing cryptocurrency depends on several critical factors:

Tokenomics: A well-designed economic model ensures stability and liquidity.
Security and auditing: Smart contracts should undergo rigorous security audits to mitigate attack risks.
Regulatory compliance: Cryptocurrency must adhere to financial and legal regulations in relevant jurisdictions.
Market adoption strategy: Includes marketing efforts, exchange listings, and community building to enhance the token’s value.

Addressing these considerations will help businesses create a secure, legally compliant, and market-ready cryptocurrency with strong growth potential.

5. What are the disadvantages of private blockchain?

The major drawback of private blockchains is their centralized structure. Since a single organization controls the whole system, the participants would necessarily have to trust the operator instead of a decentralized network. That alone reduces transparency and makes third parties unwilling to collaborate in industries where trust is critical.

When exploring how to create a blockchain, choosing a private blockchain can offer better data control but may limit access to a broader audience. This trade-off can reduce decentralization and scalability, which may hinder ecosystem growth. A smaller network often means limited value and weaker security for blockchain.

6. Private blockchain development services

Private blockchain developers exist in various technologies, with IBM Blockchain, ConsnSys, and Hyperledger as a few among them. They provide many services, including strategic consulting, architectural design for building private blockchains, and full maintenance of deployed applications. In addition, open-source frameworks, such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda, allow companies to develop tailor-cut blockchains according to their requirements. However, professional development firms can sometimes run high, depending on the complexity and security requirements of the project.

Custom blockchain costs and timelines vary by complexity, security, and scalability

Custom blockchain systems will entail varying costs depending on the scale of the system, features of security demands, and customizability levels. Hence, depending on the business requirements, a development company may be engaged for tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Additionally, proprietary blockchain tools usually have licensing and maintenance fees along the way, which burden budgets thereafter.

The development lifecycle for a private blockchain generally varies between three months and over a year, depending on how complicated it is. Simple projects like internal transaction systems can be completed in 3-6 months. However, it may take up to 12 months or longer if smart-contract integration, complex governance mechanisms, or high scalability are required. Clears are crucial for keeping activities on track and optimizing costs.

7. Conclusion

Understanding how to create a blockchain for private use involves huge investments in application development and infrastructure, security, and compliance with regulations. Though more secure, easier to control, and economical are some advantages, the demerits would be centralization and less participation. Therefore, every organization must choose a solution that fits its requirements after thorough deliberations. Are you looking for custom guidance for the blockchain domain, or do you need expert help in implementing blockchain? Contact us now!

Software Development

What is progressive web app framework (PWA)? | 5 Best PWA in 2025

Post author By Alex Nguyen
Post date March 5, 2025
No Comments on What is progressive web app framework (PWA)? | 5 Best PWA in 2025

Developing a native app can be costly. The expense is compounded further when a separate design is needed for iOS and Android devices. However, when an app runs on a progressive web app framework, it operates smoothly on all devices, like a single application. This not only cuts down on costs but also guarantees optimal performance.

Pricing for PWA differs based on the framework used, design, and additional functionalities. This article will cover PWAs, popular frameworks, development process, and pricing considerations. By the end, you’ll understand whether or not a PWA is the best fit for your business requirements.

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1. What is progressive web app framework (PWA)?

A progressive web app (PWA) is an application that works like an app on any device that runs it. It is created using components of web and mobile applications, so users can utilize its features without needing to download anything. PWAs enable instantaneous access and engagement while built with modern web programming frameworks that operate uniformly across all devices.

What is progressive web app framework?

Core characteristics of a PWA

Offline functionality: PWAs leverage service workers for data caching, making certain content available even when the user is offline.
Push notifications: As with other applications, PWAs can send users timely push notifications in order to increase user interaction.
App like experience: Responsive web design and app shell architecture enable PWAs to operate like mobile apps.
Cross-platform compatibility: There is no need to create special versions for iPhones or iPads because PWAs are compatible with any device and browser.
Secure and fast: The user experience is further enhanced by the quick loading times and secure HTTPS connection that PWAs provide.
Home screen installation: PWAs can be installed from the browser onto the user’s home screen instead of going through the app store.

Read more >>> Top 12 Best Cross-Platform App Framework 2025: Which One Wins?

2. Why should you consider building a PWA?

Why should build a progressive web app?

An application that runs on the browser of your mobile device, like PWA, does more than traditional websites can. It can engage users through seamless offline access, making it an appealing option for companies trying to enhance their internet visibility. Here’s why building one is a good idea:

2.1. Improved user experience

Progressive web apps provide a device-agnostic experience. Users will always have a good experience because PWA’s are responsive. Unlike web apps, progressive web apps are instant and work offline.

2.2. Performance and speed

PWAs are designed for speed and efficiency. With service workers handling background processes, they cache content and load pages almost instantly. This allows users to experience increased satisfaction and lowered bounce rates, as they do not have to wait for pages to load. There is also guaranteed performance for weak internet connections due to the progressive web app frameworks.

2.3. Cost-effectiveness

Building a progressive web app is less expensive than creating two apps for specific operating systems. A single app can be used across different platforms which eliminates a lot of the cost that goes to upkeep and development.

2.4. Increased engagement and retention

PWAs assist businesses in keeping users engaged. They make use of push notifications to directly send updates and promotions to users. Moreover, with installation on the home screen, users can launch the application instantly like a native app. This results in better retention rates and higher conversions.

To summarize, progressive web apps represent the newest technologies that can enhance user experience, improve performance, and cut costs, all while keeping users engaged. A PWA is the solution for those wanting a fast, reliable, and cost-effective digital solution.

Read more >>> What Is An Offshore Development Center?

3. 5 Best PWA frameworks for progressive web app development in 2025

Selecting the appropriate progressive web apps framework greatly determines the success of the PWA. The uniqueness of different frameworks provides opportunities and poses risks that can cost your project complexly. Below are the best PWA frameworks to consider in 2025:

3.1. React for PWA development

React is a well-known framework for building modern progressive web applications because it is flexible, component-based, and well-supported by a huge community. It helps developers build interactive PWAs easily and quickly.

React – One of the best frameworks for progressive web app development in 2025

Key benefits:
- Fast rendering with Virtual DOM
- Strong support for reusable components
- Backed by Facebook with a large developer community
Cost considerations:
- React itself is free and open-source.
- Additional costs may arise from using third-party libraries or tools like Next.js for server-side rendering.

3.2. Angular for PWAs

Angular is an excellent choice for scalable and enterprise-level PWAs. It comes with built-in features like service workers, lazy loading, and pre-rendering, making it highly optimized for performance.

Angular – One of the best frameworks for progressive web app development in 2025

Key benefits:
- TypeScript support ensures a more structured and scalable codebase.
- Native support for PWA development via Angular Service Worker.
- Strong Google backing ensures regular updates and long-term support.
Cost considerations:
- Angular is free, but using enterprise-level Angular solutions may require additional costs for support and training.

3.3. Vue.js for progressive web apps

Vue.js is an easy-to-use lightweight PWA framework best suited for small or medium-sized projects. It is easy to set up while still offering decent performance and flexibility.

Vue.js – One of the best frameworks for progressive web app development in 2025

Key benefits:
- Easy to learn and implement.
- Optimized for performance with Vue Router and Vue CLI PWA plugin.
- An active and growing community with many open-source plugins.
Cost considerations:
- Vue.js is open-source, but projects may require paid third-party tools or hosting services.

3.4. Other notable PWA frameworks

Apart from React, Angular, and Vue.js, other PWA development frameworks are gaining traction:

Ionic – Best for hybrid apps, allowing PWAs and mobile apps with a single codebase.
Svelte – Lightweight and faster than React or Angular, but with a smaller community.
PWA Builder – A Microsoft-backed tool that simplifies PWA development for beginners.

The best progressive web app builder depends on your project’s needs. React is great for dynamic apps, Angular suits enterprise solutions, and Vue.js is ideal for lightweight projects. Each has its cost factors, but PWAs remain a cost-effective alternative to native apps.

4. How to build a progressive web app from scratch?

How to build a progressive web app from scratch

Building a progressive web app (PWA) requires careful planning and the right tools. Follow this step-by-step guide to create a fast, reliable, and engaging web app.

4.1. Plan and design the PWA

Before development, create a clear roadmap for your PWA framework:

Design wireframes and prototypes using tools like Figma or Adobe XD.
Focus on UI/UX design to ensure a smooth user experience.
Plan essential features like offline access, push notifications, and mobile responsiveness.

Cost considerations: Design tools can be free (Figma) or premium ($10 – $50/month for advanced features).

4.2. Choose a framework and set up the development environment

Select the right progressive web app frameworks based on your needs:

React – Best for dynamic web applications.
Angular – Ideal for large-scale, enterprise-level PWA development.
Vue.js – Lightweight and great for startups and small businesses.

Set up your environment with Node.js, npm/yarn, and Webpack to streamline development.

Cost considerations: Most frameworks are free, but using premium plugins or hosting services can add costs ($5 – $100/month).

4.3. Develop core features

Ensure PWA performance with offline support, push notifications, and shell

Implement key PWA features to ensure performance and usability:

Offline support with service workers.
Push notifications for user engagement.
App shell architecture for fast loading and seamless navigation.

Cost considerations: Development costs vary based on complexity. Hiring a PWA developer ranges from $30 – $150/hour.

4.4. Test the PWA across different platforms and browsers

Testing ensures your PWA works smoothly across devices.

Use tools like Lighthouse (Google Chrome) to check performance, SEO, and accessibility.
Test offline functionality and push notifications on different browsers.

Cost considerations: Free tools like Lighthouse exist, but professional testing services may cost $500 – $5,000 per project.

4.5. Deploy and maintain the PWA

Once tested, deploy the progressive web app using Netlify, Vercel, or Firebase Hosting. Regular updates keep it secure and functional.
Cost considerations: Hosting can be free or range from $5 – $50/month for advanced plans. Maintenance costs depend on feature updates and security patches.

5. Progressive web app development cost

Progressive web app development cost

5.1. Factors affecting PWA development costs

The cost of building a PWA depends on:

Complexity and features – Simple apps cost less, while advanced ones with push notifications and offline access cost more.
Design requirements – Custom UI/UX design increases costs.
Chosen framework – React, Angular, and Vue.js have different development expenses.
Development team experience and location – Hiring offshore developers can reduce costs.
Ongoing maintenance and updates – Regular fixes, security patches, and performance improvements add to long-term expenses.

5.2. Cost breakdown for developing a progressive web app

PWA (landing page, basic features) – $3,000 – $10,000
Mid-range PWA (e-commerce, push notifications, offline mode) – $10,000 – $50,000
Advanced PWA (custom features, real-time updates, AI integration) – $50,000 – $150,000

Utilizing a web application can be more affordable in the long run than putting money into developing a mobile application without losing the quality of user interaction.

6. Progressive web app benefits

Progressive web app benefits

From a business perspective, a progressive web app (PWA) is a budget-friendly tool that enhances interaction with audiences and promotes a company’s overall brand. This is the reason why PWAs are becoming essential in contemporary business applications.

6.1. Increased engagement and retention

A PWA keeps users engaged with built-in features like:

Push notifications – Send instant updates and promotions directly to users.
Home screen installation – Users can add the app to their home screen for quick access, just like a native app.
Offline access – Thanks to service workers, users can browse content even without an internet connection.

These features help businesses increase retention rates, reduce bounce rates, and improve overall customer satisfaction.

6.2. SEO and discoverability

Unlike traditional mobile apps, PWAs are searchable on Google. Since they run as progressive web apps in a browser, they can be indexed by search engines, improving:

Organic traffic – Higher rankings mean more visitors.
Faster loading times – Google favors fast, lightweight pages, which PWA frameworks optimize for.
Mobile-first indexing – Since PWAs work across all devices, they naturally align with Google’s mobile-first ranking system.

6.3. Cross-platform compatibility

With one codebase, a PWA works seamlessly across:

Android and iOS – No need to build separate native apps.
Windows and macOS – PWAs function just like desktop applications.
All major browsers – Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and Safari support PWAs.

This reduces development costs and ensures businesses can reach a wider audience without investing in multiple app versions.

7. Conclusion

The progressive web app framework works wonders for businesses, providing a quick, responsive, and economical approach. Features such as push notifications, offline access, offline work mode, and home screen installation are essential, as they enhance how users interact with and retain the application.

Progressive web apps exhibit an increased level of organic traffic compared to Native Apps because of better SEO and discoverability. Furthermore, the single app is usable across multiple platforms, which cut down on implementation expenses. Now is the decade of digitization, so for those seeking high-quality, scalable web applications, it is best to consider advanced web application frameworks with PWAs.

Artificial Intelligence

How to Build an AI Model? A Step-by-Step Guide

Post author By Alex Nguyen
Post date March 4, 2025
No Comments on How to Build an AI Model? A Step-by-Step Guide

Industries have seen a makeover with artificial intelligence, yet making an AI model comes at a cost in terms of data, infrastructure, and expertise. Like the app development process, any phase from data collection to deployment requires funding. In today’s article, let’s explore how to build an AI model and how to optimize the AI development process.

1. What is an AI model?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to learn, reason, and make decisions. From voice assistants to advanced data analytics, AI is transforming industries worldwide. Leading tech giants have developed powerful AI platforms to drive innovation. Google’s TensorFlow provides an open-source framework for building machine learning models; OpenAI pushes the boundaries of generative AI, while Amazon’s AWS AI and Microsoft’s Azure AI offer cloud-based solutions for scalable AI development.

AI was created to make human work more convenient

Additionally, IBM Watson specializes in enterprise AI, delivering powerful tools for data-driven decision-making. Whether for automation, predictive analytics, or deep learning, AI is revolutionizing how businesses operate.

An AI model is a machine learning system that learns from data and uses that knowledge to analyze and make predictions or decisions without direct human intervention. Through machine learning algorithms, it can discover patterns, classify information, and automate processes in different industries.

Read more >>> Top 12 Best Cross-Platform App Framework 2025: Which One Wins?

2. 3 Types of AI models

AI models can be categorized based on how they learn from data, with each type having its approach and applications. Understanding these models helps select the correct method for specific tasks, from image recognition to process optimization.

Supervised learning: The model is trained on labeled data, meaning inputs and desired outputs are predefined. Examples include handwriting recognition or predicting house prices based on historical data.
Unsupervised learning: The model autonomously identifies patterns and structures within unlabeled data sets. For example, it can cluster customers according to shopping behavior.
Reinforcement learning: The model learns through trial and error, by which feedback is received from its environment over time to optimize its results. Applications include AI playing chess or optimizing robotic operations.

3. Key components of AI model development

Building a functional AI model involves the use of several components, including input data, machine learning algorithms, training, and evaluation. The requirements and costs in each stage will automatically determine the model’s performance and deployment in real-world scenarios.

High-quality data is the foundation of a good AI model

3.1. Data collection and preprocessing

Good AI models rely on good-quality data. Collecting, cleaning, and labeling data are costly endeavors, especially for large or specialized datasets. Companies may exploit public datasets; they may also collect customer data, or third-party data can be bought.

The other tools used on the processing side include tools such as Pandas OpenCV and data labeling services like Amazon SageMaker Ground Truth, which will help expedite the process. Still, again, these all have costs associated with them.

Read more >>> TOP 10 Best GUI Library for Python in 2025 – Developer Should Know

3.2. Choosing the right algorithms

AI algorithms determine how a model learns and makes predictions. Some common algorithms include:

Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Neural Networks: Ideal for classification and forecasting tasks.
K-means Clustering, Autoencoders: Used for clustering and dimensionality reduction.
Q-Learning, Deep Q-Networks: Applied in AI gaming and action sequence optimization.

The more complex the algorithm, the higher the computational cost and training time. Popular frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Scikit-learn help implement these algorithms efficiently.

3.3. Model training and evaluation

Training an AI model requires significant computing power, especially for deep learning

Training an AI model requires significant computing resources, especially for deep learning models. The main cost factors include:

Hardware: GPUs/TPUs accelerate computations (e.g., NVIDIA, Google Cloud TPUs).
Cloud services: Platforms like AWS, Google Cloud AI, and Azure offer flexible resources, but costs vary based on usage.

After training, models must be evaluated using metrics like Accuracy, Mean Squared Error (MSE), or AUC-ROC to ensure performance. Tools like MLflow and TensorBoard help streamline evaluation. Optimizing these factors enhances both model quality and cost efficiency.

4. How to create an AI model from scratch

When exploring how to build an AI model, it’s important to follow a structured process to ensure cost optimization and maximize efficiency. Here is a step-by-step guide to create your own AI from scratch:

4.1. Defining the problem and objectives

Before developing an AI model, the first thing to do is to articulate and precisely define the problem to resolve objectives. These could include predicting sales, identifying an image, or even automating text processing, but whatever the goal, it should be sharply defined, and this would ensure the right data algorithms and tools are chosen, guarding against wasted resources.

Costs will vary depending on the complexity of the problem, including research, expert consultations, and initial testing.

4.2. Data collection and cleaning

Data is the foundation of every AI model and must be cleaned for quality

Data is the basis of every kind of AI model; such data can be collected from myriad relevant sources: internal databases, public datasets, third-party providers, etc. After data collection, subsequent cleaning is performed on that data to eliminate any duplicates, inconsistencies, or null values that can affect the proper learning of the model.

Tools: Pandas, OpenCV, Amazon SageMaker Ground Truth.

Costs: Data acquisition, labeling services, and storage expenses.

4.3. Choosing the model and algorithm

Selecting the right model depends on the specific problem:

Supervised learning: Classifying and forecasting values (e.g., Random Forest, Neural Networks).
Unsupervised learning: Identifying existing patterns within data (e.g., K-means Clustering, Autoencoders).
Reinforcement learning: To move towards the right actions over time (e.g., Deep Q-Networks).

Tools: TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-learn.

Costs: Potential expenses for commercial AI platforms or software licensing.

4.4. Training the model

Training an AI model requires powerful resources to optimize predictions

Training requires powerful computing resources, especially for deep learning models. The model learns from data and adjusts parameters to optimize predictions.

Tools: Google Colab (free with limits), AWS AI, Google Cloud AI, Azure AI.

Costs: Hardware (GPU/TPU) expenses or cloud service fees based on usage.

4.5. Testing and evaluating the model

Once the model has been trained, it has to be validated on a validation dataset to evaluate its effectiveness and generalization. Some of the main evaluation metrics are Accuracy, MSE (Mean Squared Error), and AUC-ROC.

Tools: MLflow, TensorBoard.

Costs: Possible expenses for expert reviews or advanced model monitoring tools.

4.6. Improving and fine-tuning the model

If the model doesn’t meet performance expectations, you can fine-tune hyperparameters, collect more data, or experiment with different algorithms.

Tools: Optuna, Ray Tune, Google AutoML.

Costs: Additional computational expenses and retraining time.

Following this structured process ensures you build an efficient AI model that is cost-effective and tailored to real-world needs.

5. Tools and frameworks for AI model building

Choosing the right framework simplifies AI model development

5.1. Overview of Popular AI Frameworks

Choosing the proper framework simplifies AI model development and deployment. Here are some widely used options:

TensorFlow: Powerful for deep learning, supports GPU/TPU acceleration, and offers free and paid cloud services.
PyTorch: Preferred in AI research, easy to use, open-source, but requires significant computational resources for deep learning.
Scikit-learn: Ideal for traditional machine learning, efficient for small to medium-scale tasks, and completely free.
Cost Considerations: These frameworks are free, but costs may arise when using advanced hardware or cloud services.

5.2. Choosing the right tools for AI models

Selecting the right tools depends on project needs, budget, and technical expertise: Utilize Scikit-learn or TensorFlow/PyTorch on Google Colab for smaller, low-budget projects. For larger projects with high computational requirements, use GPU/TPU with TensorFlow or PyTorch in AWS AI, Google AI Platforms, or Microsoft Azure (pay-as-you-use). Deploy in an enterprise setting with commercial services like Google Vertex AI or AWS SageMaker for optimizing throughput.

Understanding the individual strengths and weaknesses of each tool helps organizations opt for cost-efficient solutions in AI.

6. Custom AI model development for your business

Custom AI models enhance business efficiency and competitiveness

Building a custom AI model for your business directly addresses certain challenges and gives you an edge over others. Custom models suitably meet the requirements across various industries, while off-the-shelf AI solutions usually do not. This yields better performance and business efficiency and resolves issues like predictive analytics in supply chains or personalizing product recommendations for enhancing customer experience in e-commerce.

Building a custom AI model involves collecting data, training the model, thoroughly testing it, and finally deploying it. The development costs depend mainly on problem complexity, the scale of the data, and the computational resources.

For example, a large dataset and complex algorithms may be required when learning how to build an AI model for fraud detection in the financial sector. Likewise, the healthcare industry may need AI models for medical imaging diagnoses, which involve processing large amounts of data using powerful GPUs. Resource-constrained businesses can opt for a cloud service like AWS, Google Cloud, or Microsoft Azure to make AI models less infrastructure-dependent.

Read more >>> How to Hire Offshore Development Teams: A Step-by-Step Guide

7. How to train a machine learning model

Machine learning enables computers to learn from data and make predictions

Machine learning (ML) is a field within artificial intelligence (AI) that allows computers to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. ML models are widely used in fields such as image recognition, natural language processing, and big data analytics. Developing an ML model involves data collection, algorithm selection, model training, and evaluation to optimize accuracy.

There are two primary approaches to machine learning: supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning relies on labeled data, which helps models achieve higher accuracy but comes with the added cost of data labeling.

In contrast, unsupervised learning identifies patterns in unlabeled data, reducing costs but potentially sacrificing accuracy depending on the problem. Businesses must carefully consider data costs, computational resources, and problem requirements to choose the most suitable approach.

8. Common challenges in AI model development

Data quality and quantity directly impact AI model performance

8.1. Challenges in data quality and quantity

The quality and quantity of data affect AI modeling performance. Incomplete, noisy, or unbalanced data can lead to erroneous predictions. To remedy these situations, companies might collect further datasets, undertake preprocessing tasks such as data cleaning and augmentation, or purchase third-party datasets; any of these options would increase the budget of model development.

8.2. Overfitting and underfitting

Overfitting is a condition where the model learns overly specific details of the training data, allowing it to do well with what it has seen before but performs poorly on new inputs. Conversely, underfitting refers to situations where a model is too simple to detect the important underlying patterns.

Various techniques, such as regularization, ing more data, or adopting some other better class of models, could be used to cure these problems, but they tend to increase the development time and cost.

8.3. Computational costs

Training and deploying AI require significant resources and costs

Training and deploying AI models, as well as intense learning, require significant computational resources. Utilizing GPUs/TPUs and cloud services like AWS or Google Cloud AI can accelerate the process and incur substantial costs.

Businesses can optimize expenses by using lighter models, reducing unnecessary training iterations, or selecting cloud services that align with their budget.

9. Conclusion

Understanding how to build an AI model requires a well-structured approach to optimize costs and enhance efficiency. By following key steps in the development process, businesses can ensure their AI models perform effectively while staying scalable and resource-efficient.

Every business should carefully assess the investment versus potential returns to maximize AI’s value. Want to learn more? Contact Stepmedia for a consultation!

Software Development Technology

Top 12 Best Cross-Platform App Framework 2025: Which One Wins?

Post author By Alex Nguyen
Post date March 3, 2025
No Comments on Top 12 Best Cross-Platform App Framework 2025: Which One Wins?

Cross-platform app development attempts to change the mobile development status quo wherein two separate code bases are required for development under iOS and Android. This process increases time, cost, and complexity.

With cross-platform app development, it is possible for one code base to serve multiple platforms. That means more productivity, less maintenance, and more uniformity.

This blog post tends to address the trends, frameworks, and tools in cross-platform development that have evolved over time with the aim of making development easy and enhancing performance.

1. What is cross-platform app development?

Cross-platform app development is a technique that develops software or apps that can run on several different operating systems like iOS, Android, Windows, and macOS by using a single codebase.

Cross-platform app development to write a single codebase to run applications on more than one operating system.

Advanced features of cross-platform development include:

Developers require only a single codebase to develop applications as compared to developing individual versions for each operating system.
The list of popular frameworks that support cross-platform development includes Flutter (Google), React Native (Meta/Facebook), Xamarin (Microsoft), Ionic, and Unity. These help to write applications in a single programming language (such as Dart, JavaScript, C#, etc.) and compile them to run across different platforms.
Provides a seamless UI across various OS.
Simple integration with native codes. If the app requires advanced features such as GPS sensor access, cameras using pure native code, cross-platform apps can integrate easily either with Swift or Kotli.

So, what are the differences between the three forms of mobile app development?

Let’s start with the traditional form. Native app development is all about building applications, such as specific ones for a platform, Swift for iOS and Kotlin for Android, ensuring top performance levels while accessing their respective operating systems.

Secondly, hybrid app development is the one whereby developers use web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) to develop applications that run on a WebView, basically for functioning on different platforms.

Lastly, cross-platform app development requires developers to write a single codebase to run applications on more than one operating system (Flutter, React Native, Xamarin). This way, performance is better than hybrid apps but still less than the optimized performance that derives from native development.

Read more >>>> What is Flask Used For? Key Benefits and Applications

2. Benefits of cross-platform app development

Cross-platform app development not only saves time and costs but also ensures a consistent user experience across devices. Below are some key benefits of cross-platform app development that make them a preferred choice for modern businesses.

Key benefit	Description
Cost-effectiveness & budget efficiency	Code reusability reduces development costs by eliminating the need for separate teams for iOS and Android. A single codebase means lower expenses for development, testing, and maintenance.
Faster time to market	Cross-platform development accelerates the development lifecycle by allowing simultaneous deployment on multiple platforms. This speeds up product releases and reduces time spent on coding and debugging.
Wider audience reach	A single codebase enables apps to run on multiple platforms, including iOS, Android, and the Web, maximizing user reach without the need for multiple native apps.
Consistent user experience across devices	Cross-platform frameworks ensure a unified UI/UX across all platforms, providing a seamless and familiar experience regardless of the device being used.
Simplified maintenance & updates	Updating and maintaining apps is easier since changes made to a single codebase apply to all platforms simultaneously, reducing effort and ensuring feature parity.

3. Best cross-platform development framework for 2025

We know that choosing the right cross-platform development framework is crucial for building efficient and scalable applications. In 2025, with the rapid evolution of technology, developers will have a wide range of powerful frameworks to choose from, each offering unique strengths depending on project requirements.
Below are the best frameworks for cross-platform mobile app development for 2025:

3.1 React Native

React Native is one of the most popular frameworks available, especially for developers who have some kind of familiarity with JavaScript and React.

React Native is one of the best platform development frameworks.

React Native, created by Meta, gives you the ability to develop mobile applications by using a single codebase in JavaScript while achieving near-native performance across both iOS and Android platforms.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Code reusability across platforms Strong community and third party libraries Hot reloading for fast development Native performance with native modules Backed by Meta	May not match fully native performance Debugging can be complex Requires native modules for some futures
Best use case	Apps needing fast development and cross platform compatibility Teams experienced in JavaScript and React Apps that require native-like performance but not heavy graphics
App type	Shopify, Amazon clone, Instagram, Discord, UberEats, Airbnb

Read more >>> Top 100 Best Programming Language for Software Development

3.2 Flutter

If you’re looking for a high-performance, visually stunning cross-platform framework, Flutter is a name that keeps popping up in the developer circle. Backed by Google, Flutter is a hybrid framework.
With its own powerful rendering engine (Skia) and a rich set of predesigned widgets, Flutter lets us build apps that look and feel truly native on iOS, Android, web and even desktop, all from a single codebase.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Single codebase for multiple platforms High-performance UI with smooth animations Rich set of customizable widgets Backed by Google and growing rapidly	Larger app size compared to native apps Dart has a smaller Limited third-party libraries compared to React Native Integration with native modules can be complex
Unique feature	Own rendering engine (Skia) for smooth UI and animations Hot Reload for realtime UI updates True native-like UI with Material and Cupertino widgets Supports mobile, web, and desktop from one codebase

Flutter is one the best platform development framework.

3.3 Xamarin (.NET MAUI)

For developers deeply embedded in the Microsoft ecosystem, Xamarin (now evolving into .NET MAIUI) is a no-brainer for cross-platform development.

Xamarin is one of the best platform development frameworks.

Backed by Microsoft, Xamarin allows us to build native-like applications for iOS, Android and even Windows using .Net and C#. With .NET MAUI, Microsoft has further streamlined multi-platform development, making it more efficient and scalable.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Strong integration with .NET & Microsoft tools (Visual Studio, Azure, etc.) Single codebase for iOS, Android & Windows Full access to native APIs via C# Good performance for business apps Backed by Microsoft, ensuring long-term support	Larger app size compared to fully native apps Not as widely adopted as Flutter or React Native UI customization may require platform-specific tweaks Performance can lag behind Flutter for highly animated UIs
Integration with .NET & Microsoft Ecosystem	Seamless integration with Microsoft tools like Visual Studio, Azure, and .NET Core Ideal for enterprise applications that require cloud-based services and backend integration Smooth migration path from Xamarin to .NET MAUI Supports Windows apps natively, unlike React Native or Flutter

3.4 Ionic

Ionic is a popular open-source framework for building hybrid mobile applications using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It relies on web technologies and renders apps within a WebView, making it a great choice for developers familiar with frontend frameworks like Angular, React, or Vue. Ionic is known for its fast development, large component library, and cross-platform capabilities, making it a strong option for hybrid mobile apps.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Easy to learn for web developers Fast development with a rich UI component library Works with popular JavaScript frameworks (Angular, React, Vue) Supports progressive web apps (PWAs) Large community and strong documentation	Not ideal for heavy animations or high-performance apps May require native plugins for advanced device features. Can feel less “native” compared to React Native or Flutter
Popularity of Hybrid Apps	Widely used for hybrid mobile apps in industries like e-commerce, enterprise solutions, and startups Preferred for PWAs and lightweight mobile applications Strong adoption among web developers transitioning to mobile Used by companies like IBM, SAP, and Nationwide for business apps

Ionic is one of the best platform development frameworks.

3.5 PhoneGap

PhoneGap, originally developed by Nitobi and later acquired by Adobe, is an open-source framework for building mobile applications using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It enables developers to create cross-platform mobile apps using web technologies and package them as native applications through the Apache Cordova framework.

PhoneGap acts as a bridge, allowing web-based apps to access native device features such as the camera, GPF and file system via plugins.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for easy development Cross-platform support (write once, run anywhere) Large community and Cordova plugin ecosystem Access to native device features via Cordova	Performance limitations due to WebView rendering Requires plugins for advanced native features Less native feel compared to frameworks like React Native or Flutter Adobe discontinued official support in 2020
Best use case	Apps needing quick deployment across multiple platforms Web developers transitioning to mobile development Prototyping and MVP development Businesses looking for cost-effective hybrid apps
App type	Shopify, WooCommerce mobile app, SAP Fiori, IBM MobileFirst, BBC News, Wikipedia App

3.6 NativeScript

NativeScript is an open-source framework that lets you build truly native mobile apps using JavaScript, TypeScript, Angular, or Vue.is. Unlike hybrid frameworks that rely on WebView, NativeScript gives you direct access to native APIs, meaning better performance and a more authentic mobile experience. If you love JavaScript but don’t want to sacrifice speed, this might be your to-go choice.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Works with JavaScript, TypeScript, Angular, and Vue No WebView-fully native experience Single codebase for iOS & Android Open-source with a solid plugin ecosystem	Smaller community compared to React Native or Flutter Can feel a bit tricky for web developers at first Fewer third-party libraries than some competitors Updates can be slower than bigger players like React Native
Best use case	Apps that need native performance but with JavaScript ease Teams with JavaScript experience looking for cross-platform native apps Enterprise apps that need high performance and UI flexibility Apps that need native UI but want to avoid Swift/Kotlin
App type	Strudel, Grocery King, Regelneef, SAP Mobile Apps, Navadra

3.7 Kotlin Multiplatform

Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP) is JetBrains’ cross-platform solution that allows developers to write shared business logic for multiple platforms while keeping native UI and performance intact. Unlike other cross-platform frameworks that try to replace native development, KPM works alongside it, letting you share code where it makes sense and go fully native when needed.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Write once, run anywhere Fully interoperable with existing native code Great for backend logic, networking, and data models	Doesn’t offer a built-in UI framework like Flutter Requires separate UI development for each platform Businesses that want to reduce duplicated work across platforms
Best use case	Apps that need code sharing but still want a native look and feel Teams with Kotlin expertise are looking to expand to iOS and beyond
App type	Netflix, Cash App, Baidu, Yandex

3.8 Node.js

Node.js is a runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript outside the browser, making it perfect for backend development, real-time applications, and scalable systems.
Powered by the V8 engine, Node.js is known for its speed, event-driven architecture, and non-blocking I/O, making it a favorite for modern web applications.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Handles multiple requests efficiently Same language for fe and be Fast execution Huge ecosystem	Not ideal for CPU-heavy tasks Managing asynchronous code can be tricky Heavy computation slows it down Relience on third-party packages requires caution
Best use case	Resl-time applications API & microservices Streaming and event-driven applications Scalable backend devices
App type	LinkedIn, PayPal, Uber, eBay, Walmart, Twitter

3.9 Sencha Touch

Sencha Touch was once a big name in hybrid mobile development, offering a solid UI framework for cross-platform apps using HTML5 and JavaScript. It was pre-built UI components, smooth animations, and solid performance, but with its discontinuation, most devs have moved on to lonic or React Native.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Rich UI components for hybrid apps Optimized performance for data-heavy applications	Discontinued no official support Steep learning curve, complex syntax
Best use case	Enterprise systems that need a polished UI Hybrid apps handing large datasets
App type	Legacy enterprise applications

3.10 Appcelerator Titanium

Titanium lets you build native mobile apps using JavaScript, but unlike hybrid frameworks, it compiles native code. It used to be a promising alternative to React Native but has lost traction over time.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	JavaScript-based but compiled to native code Better performance than traditional hybrid frameworks	Small community Limited third-party libraries Not as actively maintained as modern alternative
Best use case	Devs wanting native-like performance while using JS Maintaining older enterprise mobile apps
App type	Some enterprise apps, outdated projects

3.11 Framework7

A lightweight, UI-first framework that makes it easy to build mobile apps using Vue.js, React, or simple HTML/CSS/JS. It’s great for progressive web apps (PWAs) and mobile web applications but not as robust as React Native or Flutter for full-fledged mobile development.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Beginner-friendly, great for Vue and React devs Lightweight UI framework, perfect for mobile apps	Limited native features, not ideal for complex apps Best suited for progressive web apps (PWAs)
Best use case	Web devs needing fast mobile UI development PWAs and lightweight applications
App type	Startups experimental apps

3.12 NET Multi-platform App UI

.NET MAUI (Multi-platform App UI) is Microsoft’s evolution of Xamarin, designed for building native apps on Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows using C#. It provides a single codebase for UI and logic, making it ideal for enterprise and Microsoft ecosystem users.

	Pros	Cons
Pros & Cons	Single codebase for iOS, Android, Windows, macOS Backed by Microsoft, strong enterprise support	Smaller community compared to Flutter/React Native Still evolving, potential stability issues
Best use case	.NET/C# teams expanding to cross-platform mobile development Business applications and internal tools
App type	Microsoft-based companies, enterprise apps

4. Cross-platform mobile development tools

Cross-platform app development tools help developers write code once and run it across multiple platforms, namely iOS, Android, and Windows. With these tools, developers need not write separate code in Swift and Kotlin since time and effort will surely be saved for the developer. Maintenance costs are cheaper as well, and normally apps can go to the market in a much shorter time.

Listed below are the best mobile development tools for cross-platform apps that keep developers building apps for iOS and Android and more:

4.1 Xamarin Studio

Formerly known as XamarinStudio, integrated with Visual Studio, Xamarin is a great tool for creating cross-platform mobile applications with C# and .NET. The shared business logic is a key feature, maintaining a native UI across platforms.

Xamarin Studio is one of the cross-platform mobile development tools.

4.2 Visual Studio Code

A code editor free from bloat yet powerful, supporting a variety of programming languages like JavaScript, TypeScript, and Dart. With numerous extensions, it makes a fine choice for development in Flutter, React Native, and Node.js.

Visual Studio is one of the cross-platform mobile development tools.

4.3 Android Studio for cross-platform development

It is the main Android development environment, but can also be used for Flutter and Kotlin Multiplatform for cross-platform development. It has great emulators, debugging tools, and performance profiling tools for mobile apps.

Android Studio is one of the cross-platform mobile development tools.

4.4 Flutter DevTools

Flutter DevTools is a specialized suite used for editing, profiling, and optimizing Flutter apps. The suite of tools also allows Flutter developers to inspect the UI in real-time, track app performance, and analyze memory usage.

Flutter devtools is one of the cross-platform mobile development tools.

5. Cross-platform mobile development frameworks comparison

Cross-platform mobile development frameworks help developers build apps that run on multiple platforms using a single codebase, instead of writing separate code for iOS (Swift) and Android (Kotlin). This approach saves time, reduces costs, and simplifies maintenance, making it a popular choice for startups and enterprises alike.

Framework	Language	Performance	Best for	Key features
Flutter	Dart	Near-native	Beautiful UIs, startups	Custom widgets, fast rendering
React Native	JavaScript	High	Web devs moving to mobile	Reusable components, strong community
Xamarin/.NET MAUI	C#	Native	Enterprise apps, .NET developers	Microsoft ecosystem, strong backend support
Kotlin Multiplatform	Kotlin	Native UI	Partial code-sharing, high-performance apps	Shares business logic, keeps native UI
Framework7	JavaScript, Vue, React	Web-like	PWAs, lightweight mobile apps	Pre-built UI components, fast setup
Apache Cordova	HTML, CSS, JavaScript	Lower than native	Simple apps, quick prototypes	WebView-based, plugin support for native features

6. How to choose the best cross-platform framework for your app

Picking the right cross-platform framework depends on your app’s needs, team skills, and project constraints. Here’s a quick guide to help you decide:

Step 1. App complexity and features

The first question is: What does your app need to do?

Simple UI-focused apps? → Framework7, Cordova
Feature-rich apps with custom UI? → Flutter, React Native

Step 2. Performance requirements

Need near-native speed? → Flutter, Kotlin Multiplatform
Okay with slightly lower performance? → React Native, Xamarin

Step 3. Development team expertise

Your team’s skills can heavily influence the choice of framework:

Web developers? → React Native, Framework7
C#/.NET background? → Xamarin/.NET MAUI
Dart or Kotlin experience? → Flutter, Kotlin Multiplatform

Step 4. Budget & Timeline

Faster development, lower cost? → React Native, Flutter
Long-term investment, enterprise focus? → Xamarin, Kotlin Multiplatform

Step 5. Target Platforms

Mobile-first? → Flutter, React Native
Need desktop & web too? → .NET MAUI, Kotlin Multiplatform

There’s no one-size-fits-all framework. The right choice depends on:

How complex your app is
How much performance matters
Your team’s existing skills
Your budget and timeline
Which platforms do you want to targe

Choose the best cross platform framework to effectively develop your app.

7. Top cross-platform app development services in 2025 (optional)

Several leading companies offer cross-platform app development, leveraging technologies like Flutter, React Native, and Xamarin to deliver high-performance apps efficiently. Below are some of the top cross-platform app development services for 2025:

7.1 Top companies

1. TCS (Tata Consultancy Services): Enterprise-level solutions with a strong global presence.

2. Infosys: Scalable app development with AI-driven enhancements.

3. WillowTree: High-quality mobile solutions with a focus on UX/UI.

4. Globant: Innovative digital transformation with modern frameworks.

5. Fueled: Premium cross-platform development with a creative approach.

7.2 Pricing & timelines

Pricing: Ranges from $10.000 to 200,000+, depending on complexity.
Timelines: Typically 2 to 6 months, varying based on project scope.

8. Common challenges in cross-platform app development and how to overcome them

Cross-platform development simplifies app creation but comes with its own set of challenges. Here’s how to tackle them effectively:

Performance issues: Optimize code and use native modules when needed.
UI/UX inconsistencies: Follow platform-specific design guidelines.
Limited access to Native features: Use plugins or bridge native code.
Integration challenges: Ensure proper API compatibility and testing.
App size & loading speed: Minimize dependencies and optimize assets

9. Conclusion: The future of mobile app development is cross-platform

Cross-platform app development is the future faster, cost-effective, and scalable. It ensures consistency across platforms while reducing maintenance effort. Choosing the right framework, whether Flutter, React Native, or Xamarin, is key to a smooth and high-performing app.

If you’re planning a mobile app, cross-platform development is worth exploring. At Stepmedia Software, we use the latest technology to create seamless, high-quality apps. Let’s build something great together!

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